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1. In addition to the three major hubs of high speed-railways in the world – Europe, Japan and China, there also some countries with high-speed railways operating (e.g., Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, etc.) or are constructing their first high speed railway lines (Indonesia, India, Thailand, etc.). Question 1 – choose either a) or b), around 400 words
a) Choose one country outside of the three major high-speed railway hubs with
operating high-speed railways:
• Describe the high-speed railway business in the country.
The year 2018 marked the fortieth day of remembrance of China’s “reform and gap up,” high growth and economic condition reduction. Since 2008, China has constructed at least 34 high-speed rail lines worldwide, covering more than 20,000 kilometers and 160 cities. China constructed a 5,000-kilometer Pan-Asian High-Speed Rail (HSR) that links Kunming, China, with Singapore and other OBOR nations. By 2030, Asia would need to invest USD 40 trillion in infrastructure, and HSR is China’s crown jewel in this regard. (Business Research Paper)
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How does China accomplish this feat? Well, three significant reasons have led to this phenomenal growth rate. They are as follows: Chinese Government Support – High-speed rail has been developing enormously in China over the last decade, thanks to funding from the country’s government, particularly during the Great Recession’s economic stimulus program (When the 2008 financial crisis hit the United States and Europe, many countries there adopted austerity measures, China took advantage of the opportunity to do the opposite by investing). International Technology Transfer – Chinese engineers have built an indigenous capacity to manufacture critical components and improve upon foreign designs after obtaining transferred foreign technology. Spillover Effects – Technological and socioeconomic spillover effects resulted in widespread benefits and accelerated the expansion of HSR.
The HSR is accustomed to changes in urban building patterns, will increase business enterprise and encouragement of regional economic process square measure solely a couple of the ramifications. The network is used create a framework for future in an effort to reduce greenhouse emissions by permitting outstanding individuals to travel more expeditiously and dependably than ever before. The HSR is most well-liked by a broad spectrum of travelers of various financial gain levels because of its short period, comfort, convenience, safety, and timeliness. It promotes labor quality, family visits, tourism, and social network enlargement. nearly 1/2 of the passenger’s square measure on their thanks to or from work.
• Find out the development plan for future high-speed railways in the country.
To deliver a major infrastructure initiative, careful planning and continuous implementation square measure essential. The creation of a well-thought-out long setup in China provides a transparent and consistent framework for action. China Railway Group announced plans to double the country’s HSR network by 34,000km over the next decade, as from now 2021. In the aftermath of the Covid-19 epidemic and the ongoing trade dispute with the United States, the nation sees it as an investment to boost demand. It also aspires to build a more integrated national market and more fairly share the advantages of economic development throughout the country.
There are significant wealth differences across Chinese provinces, with the Beijing area averaging more than $20,000 in nominal per capita income, compared to $9,300 in Hubei’s central province and $4,500 in Gansu’s distant northern province. The goal is to promote the development of regional hubs as a viable alternative to the more affluent coastal provinces for migrating rural workers.
All cities with populations larger than 200,000 will have access to a rail line, and those with populations higher than 500,000 will have access to a service that travels at speeds of above 250 kilometers per hour. The year 2035 is significant because President Xi Jinping’s goal date for China to become a “modern socialist nation.” China spent $49 billion on its rail network in the first half of 2020, up 1.2 percent from the previous year. The size of future expenditure, on the other hand, will undoubtedly raise the sector’s debt. Since 2009, more than $1 trillion has been spent building train lines, with China Railways’ debt load totaling approximately 770 billion dollars. According to this study, the majority of China Railways’ regional subsidiaries are losing money.
Given the necessity of sustaining economic demand, China seems prepared to tolerate more outstanding debt. The South China Morning Post quoted Larry Hu, Macquarie Capital’s senior China economist, saying: “Exports, property, and infrastructure investment are the three foundations of China’s economic development. Because exports can no longer be depended upon, and property speculation will be curtailed, infrastructure investment should be the final pillar to stand.”
• Present your views on the prospects of high-speed railways in the country. Provide valid and sufficient evidence to support your views.
For recent travelers, flying is the hottest mode of transportation, particularly once they move across an outsized country. In China, though, you’ll be able to an amendment to a high-speed railway between cities. This, too, I think it’s a wise call. This square measure the explanations why taking this risk was the most straightforward choice.
In China, high-speed trains link most major and minor cities and important tourist destinations, making it simpler to see many of its attractions. Furthermore, since high-speed trains move at 250 km/h for D trains, 350 km/h for G trains, and 400 km/h for the new Fuxing trains, they significantly reduce travel time between cities. Apart from that, the comfy seats, large cabins, reduced costs, pleasant reading from your window, modern instruments, and so on are all convincing reasons to take a seat on the lovely and super high-speed train system. In China, high-speed trains link most major and minor cities and important tourist destinations, making it simpler to see many of the country’s attractions. Furthermore, since high-speed trains move at 250 km/h for D trains, 350 km/h for G trains, and 400 km/h for the new Fuxing trains, they significantly reduce travel time between cities. Apart from that, the comfy seats, large cabins, reduced costs, pleasant reading from your window, modern instruments, and so on are all convincing reasons to take a seat on the lovely and super high-speed train system.
2. As presented during the lecture high speed rail has a dominating market share in the route: • Paris to Lyon and explain why. Question 2 – around 300 words
In September 2010, once the choice to create a high-speed line between Paris and Lyons was made, France’s high-speed rail traffic totaled fifty-two billion passenger-kilometers, compared to twenty-three billion in the Federal Republic of Germany, eleven billion in Italy and Spain, three billion in the Kingdom of Sweden, and one billion in European nation and also the UK. Its long-standing want explains this relative dominance of France for top speed: a section within which France has competed a leadership role in Europe supported the “Paris-Lyon model.”
A comprehensive economic and technological assessment of semiconductor diode proposals for a new high-speed line between Paris and Lyons has been completed. Due to the growing danger of competition from airplanes, there was another capability bottleneck on the route in question (Beltran, in Whitelegg et al. 1993). The TGV Sud-Est, which runs between Paris and the city center and has a maximum speed of 270 km/h, was first introduced in 1981. The name Sud-Est was chosen to emphasize the line’s network effects since it served a wide variety of locations outside of Lyons and served the Paris-Lyons market. Initially, plans for a network of lines were established only based on transportation cost-benefit analysis; nevertheless, ambitions for broad economic implications in space were also stated (Polino, in Whitelegg et al. 1993). The concept of speed democratization (the notion that high-speed trains should be accessible to everyone) was an essential part of the ideology contributing to the TGV’s widespread appeal. Accessorial extensions are available to Marseille and Nice and the TGV Atlantique Paris-Bordeaux, Paris-Lille-London/Brussels, and Paris-Strasbourg.
Potential for positive economic impacts is a necessary think about coming up with and coming up with HSR lines. Since the beginning of high-speed services in France, the TGV network’s primary focus has been business traffic victimization of the domestic transportation network. The favored choice has been point-to-point services with the fewest intermediate stops. Given its speedy travel times, low-cost rates, and colossal carrying capability, SNCF is thought to be an energetic contender within the rail/air transport competition. Between the most cities, frequencies are high: sixteen round-trip services between Paris and Marseilles (840 metric linear units, one hundred ninety minutes1), twenty-one between Paris and Bordeaux (620 metric linear units, one hundred ninety minutes), and so on. An inexpensive subsidiary, ID-TGV, has additionally been established. It operates on a restricted variety of routes and offers a high level of aboard services and a few unique novelties.
3. Alstom, Bombardier, Siemens, Kawasaki and CRRC are the five leading high-speed trains manufacturers in the world. Choose one of these manufacturers and:
a) Describe the product range and features of the high-speed trains produced by this
manufacturer. Question 3 – around 400 words
Extremely high-speed trains offer a much viable mode of transportation to aviation for long-distance travel since they’re quick, safe, dependable, and comfy. As a result, infrastructure expenditures are created in multiple countries around the world to boost rail travel.
With a significant portfolio of over twenty products globally, Bombardier has been an influential actor in the style and delivery of all major European high-speed trains, similar to different important international high-speed. The ZEFIRO is Bombardier’s most recent generation of very high-speed trains (VHS) which are said to be the world’s most cost-effective and climate friendly. They were originally launched in Beijing. The train class offers a number of appealing characteristics, including large and beautiful cabins, customization, the lowest power consumption. Bombardier manufactures ZEFIROs at various locations throughout the globe.
Among the VHS trains accessible throughout the globe, the ZEFIRO has the most seating capacity. Its open tube design can hold up to 1,300 passengers The ZEFIRO class trains come in three different versions. The VHS train has a ZEFIRO 250 version. It has a top speed of 250 kilometers per hour.
It is one of the world’s quickest sleeper trains, and it is presently in use in China, the V300ZEFIRO. It is designed to meet the operating needs of most HSR networks, with a capacity of 600 passengers, at a maximum speed of 360km/h. The ZEFIRO 380 is equipped with environmentally friendly technology and an aerodynamic design that saves 20 percent on energy. It uses the least amount of energy per seat in its class. It also has the fastest service speed of all the ZEFIRO trains. Bombardier’s competency in rail vehicle engineering is complemented by an essential understanding of all industrial, economic, and operational characteristics supported within the high-speed sector for twenty-five years. Bombardier adds price to operators as a proactive partner and provider.
b) Find out the high-speed railway lines where the high-speed trains produced by this
manufacturer are operating.
Bombardier is causing eighteen low-floor FLEXITY vehicles to the Gold Coast in the Australian state, Australia, transporting over six.5 million passengers in their initial year. The Gold Coast tram has been designed with a wave motif on the cab front by Bombardier’s Industrial style team in the state capital. The tram is forty-three. 4 meters long, and is split into seven modules to extend capability and improve rider flow. The 13-kilometre line connects sixteen stations and runs through several of the city’s major activity centers. The fleet of electrically steam-powered, low-floor trams was designed with Queensland’s numerous populations in mind and relied on Bombardier’s made FLEXITY series of sunshine rail vehicles that blend established technology with continual improvement and innovation.
It is the sole, lightweight rail vehicle within the world designed and designed to move surfboards on specially designed tracks, and it’s painted within the Gold Coast’s trademark blue and gold hues. The trucks travel at a median speed of 230 kilometers per hour and might transport a hundred seventy-five thousand passengers per day.
c) In your views what are the competitive edges of this manufacturer. Provide valid and
sufficient evidence to support your views.
Bombardier has an Associate in the Nursing increasing market that caters to its competitive edge because of the developing world economy and rising demand for efficient airplanes and railways.
In previous years, Bombardier’s serious capital expenditures have equipped the firm with up-to-date technologies, putting the corporation in an exceedingly sturdy position for future growth.
Rising interest rates can lower pension liabilities considerably, which may be a distinctive feature given Bombardier’s mixture of outlined profit and outlined contribution pension schemes.
Despite essential growth prospects, Bombardier is mercantilism cheaply on each absolute and relative valuations resulting from the sell-off.
4. Japan, Germany and China are investing heavily on the research and development of highspeed maglev trains and commercial operation is in the horizon of 5 to 10 years. What are your views on the prospects of high-speed maglev trains competing against the conventional steel wheel steel rail high speed railways? Provide valid and sufficient evidence to support your views. Question 4 – around 400 words
Maglev (short for magnetic levitation) is a kind of rail transportation that uses two magnets: one to resist and push the vehicle off the track and the other to drive the elevated train ahead without friction. On specific “medium-range” routes (usually 320 to 640 metric linear units), magnetic levitation will compete well with HSR and aircraft.
With magnetic levitation technology, the train runs over a magnetic guideway that regulates the train’s speed and stability. Whereas propulsion and levitation don’t need moving elements, the bogies will drive the vehicle’s main body. A few systems need retractile wheels for support at speeds below one hundred fifty km/h (93 mph). Magnetic levitation trains will so be quieter and drum sander than typical trains in some instances, and that they will go at way quicker speeds.
Yes, they’re quick and fancy; however, explore this. Fires were concerned in 2 of the instances. In 1991, a fireplace entirely consumed MLU002, a Japanese take a look at train in Miyazaki. a fireplace poor out on the Shanghai Transrapid straight off once it acquired the Longyang terminal on August eleven, 2006. to forestall smoke from flooding, individuals were safely exhausted before the truck was transported or a km aloof from the station. In Nov 2010, NAMTI officers examined the SMT repair facility and discovered that the incident was caused by a “thermal runaway” in an exceedingly battery receptacle. SMT found a brand new battery provider, put in new temperature sensors and insulators, and reconfigured the trays as a result.
A Transrapid train collided with a maintenance vehicle throughout a test/publicity run in Lathen (Lower Saxony / north-western Germany) on Sep twenty-two, 2006. The crash killed twenty-three individuals and dislocated ten others, creating the primary magnetic levitation fatality. Human error was responsible for the accident. Following a year-long investigation, 3 Transrapid workers were charged. Due to the potentially significant impact force and the variety of casualties, high-speed public transportation raises safety considerations. An occasion involving magnetic levitation trains can be caused by human mistakes, like a loss of power, or by causes on the far side of human management, like ground movement induced by Associate in Nursing earthquake.
Worldwide, scientific and technological analysis is being conducted to provide ever-faster transportation systems. Following the standard high-speed railways, that square measure operated in several countries worldwide and supplied uncountable passengers the chance of quick and comfy travel. Magnetic levitation technology was pioneered by Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany. The professionals and drawbacks of the 3 transportation systems were weighed against one another during this study. Magnetic levitation technology stood out among the transit sorts investigated due to its expected low construction value, rapidity, and stripped-down environmental impact. The negative characteristics of this mode of transportation seem to be responsibility and luxury uncertainty because of a scarcity of operational expertise, similar to a shortage of capacity.
References
Ziming , L. C. (2021, July 13). Fact sheet: High speed rail development worldwide. EESI. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-high-speed-rail-development-worldwide.
Richard, B. R. (2019, February 22). China’s experience with high speed Rail offers lessons for other countries. World Bank. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/07/08/chinas-experience-with-high-speed-rail-offers-lessons-for-other-countries.
Martha, L. J. (2021, September 13). High-speed rail in China. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China#:~:text=High%2Dspeed%20rail%20(HSR),(120%E2%80%93220%20mph).
